Digital Teaching
The lecture will be in a hybrid format, i.e. live lectures wil be given but for those who cannot attend digital material will be provided.
Lehrinhalte
What is the radius of a proton? Are the magic numbers universal or do they change towards the drip lines? Does Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) still provide a complete description of the physics in the strongest electromagnetic fields available in the laboratory? What are the properties of antiprotons? Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe? These are some of the pressing questions of modern physics, for which answers might arise from laser spectroscopic experiments. On the search for "physics beyond the standard model" these approaches are based on higher accuracy rather than higher and higher energies. Like a forensic scientist, looking for traces at a site of crime, laser spectroscopy is used to search for tiny indications of new particles or forces, which do not exist in the standard model. Moreover, it is used to study size and properties of exotic atomic nuclei that exist for only a few ms and is invaluable as a preparatory tool to prepare ions and atoms with specific properties in many experiments on nuclear and particle physics. If you want to learn more about the "Why?" and "How?", this lecture is just right for you.
You will learn about the background of the experiments in atomic, nuclear and particle physics, the laser spectroscopic techniques that are used, as well as the methods to produce and prepare the exotic particles that are used in most of the the experiments that are to be discussed. "Exotic" means systems with short-lived components like myons, pions or radioactive nuclei but also stable systems that do not decay but do not exist under usual conditions, like antihydrogen or highly charged ions as for example Bi[sup]82 [/sup]. Often it is required to store these particles to have sufficient time for their investigation, or to cool them down to achieve the required accuracy. Hence, cooling and storage techniques are also an important part of the lecture.
As introduction into some of the topics, papers will be provided. You will have the chance to formulate questions to these papers which will be discussed in the lecture. In this way, you will have the opportunity to influence the topics of the lecture to some extent. The excercices will also be based on these or similar papers.
Laboratory tours at TU Darmstadt and GSI have always been a part of this lecture to give you an idea about the actual setup of such experiments, but this depends on the pandemic situation and might (again) not be possible this year.
1. SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDROGEN-LIKE SYSTEMS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Laser Spectroscopy of Hydrogen: Proton Radius and Rydberg Constant
1.3 The Proton Radius Puzzle: Spectroscopy of Myonic Hydrogen
1.4 Positronium
1.5 Muonium
1.6 Antihydrogen and the CPT Theorem
1.7 Antiprotonic Helium and the Mass of the Electron
2. SPEKTROSCOPY OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS
2.1 Motivation
2.2 Some Aspects of HCI-Physics
2.3 Electron Impact Ionization and Charge Exchange
2.4 Transition Wavelength and Photon Energies
2.5 Highly Charged Ions at Storage Rings
2.6 Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBIT)
2.7 Laser Spectroscopy in a Penning Trap
2.8 Laser Spectroscopy of HCI in an RF Paul trap
3. LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF SHORT-LIVED-ISOTOPES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Production of Short-Lived isotopes
3.3 Nuclear Signatures in the Optical Spectrum
3.4 Resonance-Ionization-Spectroscopy (RIS)
3.5 Collineare Laser Spectroscopy
3.6 Atom Trap Laser Spectroscopy of Helium Isotopes
4. TESTS OF FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES
4.1 Weak Interaction: Atomic Parity Violation
4.2 Search for CP-Violation and a Permanent Elektric Dipol Moment (EDM)
4.3 Principle and Results of EDM Measurements
4.4 A Test of Time Dilation in Special Relativity
Voraussetzungen
Participants should have basic knowledge on atomic and nuclear physics on the level of the corresponding Bachelor courses.
Official Course Description
The lecture is an introduction into the basics of modern experiments in laser spectroscopy with exotic systems like they are often (but not always) carried out at accelerator facilities, where short-lived or other "exotic" particles are produced that are otherwise not available. Lasers are used in such experiments either for the production, the preparation or to directly study the exotic particles in precision spectroscopy studies. Such studies are performed, e.g., to determine the properties of exotic nuclei or to test fundamental symmetries of nature, like the CPT theorem, or to search for new physics beyond the standard model. Hence, these experiments are located at the orders between atomic, nuclear and particle physics.
You will learn what are the motivations behind these experiments, how they are performed and analyzed. Therefore, we need a look at the theoretical background as well as on the experimental techniques which are rooted in all three fields.
Zusätzliche Informationen
The lecture will be given in english.
The lecture will be in a hybrid format, i.e. live lectures wil be given but for those who cannot attend digital material will be provided.
Lehrinhalte
What is the radius of a proton? Are the magic numbers universal or do they change towards the drip lines? Does Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) still provide a complete description of the physics in the strongest electromagnetic fields available in the laboratory? What are the properties of antiprotons? Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe? These are some of the pressing questions of modern physics, for which answers might arise from laser spectroscopic experiments. On the search for "physics beyond the standard model" these approaches are based on higher accuracy rather than higher and higher energies. Like a forensic scientist, looking for traces at a site of crime, laser spectroscopy is used to search for tiny indications of new particles or forces, which do not exist in the standard model. Moreover, it is used to study size and properties of exotic atomic nuclei that exist for only a few ms and is invaluable as a preparatory tool to prepare ions and atoms with specific properties in many experiments on nuclear and particle physics. If you want to learn more about the "Why?" and "How?", this lecture is just right for you.
You will learn about the background of the experiments in atomic, nuclear and particle physics, the laser spectroscopic techniques that are used, as well as the methods to produce and prepare the exotic particles that are used in most of the the experiments that are to be discussed. "Exotic" means systems with short-lived components like myons, pions or radioactive nuclei but also stable systems that do not decay but do not exist under usual conditions, like antihydrogen or highly charged ions as for example Bi[sup]82 [/sup]. Often it is required to store these particles to have sufficient time for their investigation, or to cool them down to achieve the required accuracy. Hence, cooling and storage techniques are also an important part of the lecture.
As introduction into some of the topics, papers will be provided. You will have the chance to formulate questions to these papers which will be discussed in the lecture. In this way, you will have the opportunity to influence the topics of the lecture to some extent. The excercices will also be based on these or similar papers.
Laboratory tours at TU Darmstadt and GSI have always been a part of this lecture to give you an idea about the actual setup of such experiments, but this depends on the pandemic situation and might (again) not be possible this year.
1. SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDROGEN-LIKE SYSTEMS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Laser Spectroscopy of Hydrogen: Proton Radius and Rydberg Constant
1.3 The Proton Radius Puzzle: Spectroscopy of Myonic Hydrogen
1.4 Positronium
1.5 Muonium
1.6 Antihydrogen and the CPT Theorem
1.7 Antiprotonic Helium and the Mass of the Electron
2. SPEKTROSCOPY OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS
2.1 Motivation
2.2 Some Aspects of HCI-Physics
2.3 Electron Impact Ionization and Charge Exchange
2.4 Transition Wavelength and Photon Energies
2.5 Highly Charged Ions at Storage Rings
2.6 Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBIT)
2.7 Laser Spectroscopy in a Penning Trap
2.8 Laser Spectroscopy of HCI in an RF Paul trap
3. LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF SHORT-LIVED-ISOTOPES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Production of Short-Lived isotopes
3.3 Nuclear Signatures in the Optical Spectrum
3.4 Resonance-Ionization-Spectroscopy (RIS)
3.5 Collineare Laser Spectroscopy
3.6 Atom Trap Laser Spectroscopy of Helium Isotopes
4. TESTS OF FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES
4.1 Weak Interaction: Atomic Parity Violation
4.2 Search for CP-Violation and a Permanent Elektric Dipol Moment (EDM)
4.3 Principle and Results of EDM Measurements
4.4 A Test of Time Dilation in Special Relativity
Voraussetzungen
Participants should have basic knowledge on atomic and nuclear physics on the level of the corresponding Bachelor courses.
Official Course Description
The lecture is an introduction into the basics of modern experiments in laser spectroscopy with exotic systems like they are often (but not always) carried out at accelerator facilities, where short-lived or other "exotic" particles are produced that are otherwise not available. Lasers are used in such experiments either for the production, the preparation or to directly study the exotic particles in precision spectroscopy studies. Such studies are performed, e.g., to determine the properties of exotic nuclei or to test fundamental symmetries of nature, like the CPT theorem, or to search for new physics beyond the standard model. Hence, these experiments are located at the orders between atomic, nuclear and particle physics.
You will learn what are the motivations behind these experiments, how they are performed and analyzed. Therefore, we need a look at the theoretical background as well as on the experimental techniques which are rooted in all three fields.
Zusätzliche Informationen
The lecture will be given in english.
- Lehrende: Wilfried Nörtershäuser
Semester: WT 2021/22